Central Tunicate Swarm NFOPID-Based Load Frequency Control of the Egyptian Power System Considering New Uncontrolled Wind and Photovoltaic Farms

This paper presents load frequency control of the 2021 Egyptian power system, which consists multi-source electrical generation, namely, a gas and steam combined cycle, hydro, wind photovoltaic stations. The simulation model includes five generating units considering physical constraints such as generation rate (GRC) speed governor dead band. It is assumed that centralized controller located at national center to regulate grid. Four controllers are applied in this research: PID, fractional-order PID (FOPID), non-linear (NPID) (NFOPID), system frequency. design each conducted based on novel tunicate swarm algorithm operating condition. method compared other widely used optimization techniques. results show NFOPID leads better performance than schemes. research also comparison between four methods self-tune